If you are a dad reading this blog, how does this sound? Your wife says to you one day “Honey, I think I would like to work and you can stay home and look after the kids. How does that sound?” Your first thought was – “What a great idea. It would be a snack to get the kids organized, too little bit of laundry, organize the shopping. I could use my project management skills from work and get this done in probably an hour a day. Then I would have the rest the day after I got the kids to school to have a workout, play tennis, perhaps join the boys for a drink at lunch time. And I wouldn't have to get dressed and go to work everyday. What a dream!”
Some of you might've watched a very young Michael Keaton play a stay at home dad in the movie Mr. Mom. I saw this movie again recently and recalled my earlier jokes to my wife (we had four young kids then) that I would be happy to stay at home. What would the reality be as good as the dream? What are the stresses that attend what is often seen as a role reversal – dad stays home and mom goes to the office?
Well guess what? In the US we have a situation where the work force is just on 50:50. In the last year or so, of the total number of those terrifying ‘you’re fired’ pink slips being handed out, 80% have been to men. We now have an enormous social transition with many men staying home, Stay At Home Dads (SAHD) to be good dads and good ‘wives’. But what of the marital stress in this new arrangement?
Well here’s the good news, in my view. Many younger men actually enjoy lots of the things they can do at home. My sons love to cook. I have friends who cook meals more often than their wives. Most of my male friends and family do not see cooking as a ‘female thing’. They also play their part in household chores. What man could ever admit that he couldn’t work a washing machine? How many men think that washing up is a woman’s work? If they do, they are probably lazy and self-centered in other parts of their marital relationship. And many men love spending time with their children. While there is a strong maternal drive in women, for many men there is an equal and powerful paternal drive.
So my first instinct is that if the man has a healthy self-image, if he is relaxed and confident in his masculinity, if he believes that a marriage is about sharing, giving, loving, and contributing in equal amounts, if his identity is not determined by his work role and setting, then he will transition to a stay at home dad very easily.
Of course, if we invert all these conditions, we will find men who cannot endure being a stay at home dad. Here is where the troubles will start; here is where marital stress will charge through the front door of the house. If the husband sees his role as ‘provider’ and if his self-perception is framed by this view, he may feel disenfranchised and (emotionally if not physically) impotent. He may have excessive concerns about what his male friends think. Will they see him as ‘the little woman?’ Will they still hang out? Will his personal moods become more feminine? Will he be able to cope with earning less or no money, being more emotional, talking about things like diapers instead of hunting and so on. Will he be frightened that his sex life will be disrupted by the ‘boss’ coming home from the office either too tired to be interested or too dominating to meet his needs? Those men who adopt a ‘macho’ view of maleness have increased depression, anxiety, substance problems, and marital stress and breakdown AND they rarely seek professional help.
While there is very little research in the area, what is emerging is that for many men the opportunity to stay at home, be a great dad, spend more time with the kids, engage in domestic routines is liberating and enriching. A recent national survey (University of Texas at Austin, 2008) paints a different picture. Psychological well-being and partnership satisfaction increased for the stay at home dads. Closer relationships with their children, adopting a nurturing role, reconceptualizing the traditional ‘male role’ (stiff upper lip, show no emotions, be the provider etc), but they still follow ‘male’ pursuits such as fishing, hunting, talking about sport, messing with their cars and so on.
There can be issues around financial stability, of course, but these occur whenever there is only one partner earning income. In some cases, highly paid men have been sacked and their wives may well be earning significantly less than their formerly employed husbands. This will create marital stress. The upside though is that children are not put into expensive day care. Parents are happier knowing that their kids are with their primary caretaker – their dad. For many couples this feeling of security and satisfaction is infinitely more important than having a new car and a 5,000 square foot home with no mortgage.
If you want to see how some men cope with being a stay at home dad, go to this great website: www.athomedad.org . I read the humor page which is very funny. One article begins like this: “You're sitting all alone in your house watching your newborn baby. You haven't had an intelligent conversation in months. Your only stimulant has been a cup of coffee and the smell of Pledge. You find you keep speed-dialing your wife at work even though you still have nothing to say to her.” But then the practical advice and the comments from other SAHD are wonderful.
So, there does not have to be marital stress for a SAHD and his partner. There does not have to be depression or substance abuse. There does not have to be feelings of anxiety, despair, and loss of masculinity. For those SAHD who feel very comfortable with their choices, rather than personal stress or marital stress, there is much greater likelihood of deep contentment and joy in this growing role for men.
Best wishes
Dr Jeff for the team
Dr Jeff, a psychologist, writes about workplace stress, personal stress, interpersonal stress, and how to manage stress. On his blog,http://www.drjeffbailey.com, he answers questions from readers. He works hard to make his articles practical and helpful and all of his articles are based on sound research evidence and extensive clinical experience. Please go to his Dr Jeff blog to get your free report on stress.